Hazelnut Tree

 

Land and Soil Preparation: 

Land and soil preparation must be done very carefully before planting the hazelnut, which has a very long economic life. It is possible to establish a hazelnut garden on the lands on which single-year plants are grown, as well as in the form of renewing the old and aged hazelnut orchards in the fields where perennial plants are grown. Plant roots and parts are cleaned in the fields where perennial plants are grown. On the other hand, there is no need for much land cleaning in the fields where annual plants are grown. After the general cleaning on the land, soil-water conservation and drainage measures should be taken in these lands. Taking these measures is to prevent erosion in sloping lands, and to drain ground water on flat-bottom lands.

 

 

 Variety Selection: 

 

One of the points that should be considered carefully while establishing a hazelnut garden is the selection of varieties. The varieties included in the garden; Attention should be paid to its efficiency and quality. There should be varieties that are kept in the market and find high prices. Care should be taken to ensure variety standardization within the garden. In terms of high fruit set of the main varieties, pollinator varieties should be included in the garden. By including mixed varieties in the garden, standardization should not be allowed to deteriorate from the very beginning. Difficulties arising from variety confusion during the processing of hazelnuts are also encountered in the export of hazelnut kernels. For this reason, care should be taken to ensure that the pollinator varieties to be placed in the garden are in the shape and size of the fruit of the main variety, and that their quality is also good. In terms of high fruit set, pollinator varieties should be included in the garden at a ratio of 1/10. 

Wild hazelnut varieties of the main variety in the garden, which give high quality pollen towards the beginning of the clove opening, intense clove opening period and towards the end of the clove opening, and which are similar to the main variety in terms of fruit shape and quality, are arranged in three rows in the direction of the prevailing wind at the garden edges and in three rows within the garden. should be planted interspersed. In places with high altitudes (500 m. and more), it is more appropriate to place standard varieties that wake up later than other varieties and are less affected by late frosts.

 

 

 

Sapling Selection and Preparation for Planting: 

 

Hazelnut is a root shoot (bastard) plant. Production is done with these shoots within certain rules. The following features should be sought in root shoots suitable for the purpose: FEATURES REQUESTED IN ROOT SHELLS THAT ARE SUITABLE FOR PURPOSE 

The hearths should have sun-exposed, hardened, disease-free and 1-2 years old root shoots. It should have root shoots with well-formed buds. There should be root shoots with good root formation and development in places not close to the hearth. After the root shoots with these characteristics are selected, they should be removed with chepin without damaging the roots. "Planting Pruning" should be done before planting from these root shoots. For this, the injured, bruised and damaged roots should be cut from the healthy tissue point, and the long roots should be shortened. Saplings are about 35-40 cm. It should be cut with sharp scissors from the opposite direction of the eye, without leaving a nail over one eye. These prepared seedlings should be planted in the planting pits prepared before they are kept waiting. 

SEWING TIME: The best time for planting is autumn. In regions with harsh winters and in case of late planting, planting can also be done in the spring. 

SEWING AND FINISHING SYSTEMS: Hazelnut cultivation is generally carried out according to the quarry planting system. This system is the traditional planting method applied in the hazelnut production area. In addition, another planting method, which has been researched for many years in the Hazelnut Research Institute Directorate, is the hedge planting system. The advantages of the hedge planting system compared to the hearth planting system are as follows;

 

 

 

 

How many kg does a hazelnut tree produce?

The amount of hazelnuts that a tree can produce varies depending on a number of factors such as the variety of tree, the growing conditions, and the tree's age. In general, hazelnut trees typically begin to bear fruit when they are 4-5 years old and can continue to bear fruit for up to 20 years or more.

On average, a mature hazelnut tree can produce between 15 to 20 kg of hazelnuts per year, but it can be as high as 50 kg per year depending on the tree, climate and soil conditions. However, it's worth noting that hazelnut trees are typically planted in orchards where multiple trees are grown together and are managed for maximum yield and quality, so the total yield of a hectare of hazelnut orchard can be significantly higher than an individual tree.

It's also worth noting that hazelnut trees are alternate-bearing, which means that they tend to produce heavy crops one year and lighter crops the next year. Therefore, the yield can vary from year to year, and it is important for growers to manage and maintain their orchards for optimal production.